SPACE

Over time, scientists determined that the cracked terrain stretching across Enceladus’ active south pole is in constant motion, stretching in some places and buckling in others as the cracks pinch and pull from gravitational forces. It is possible Enceladus is heated by a tidal mechanism similar to Jupiter's moon Io. Scientists discovered evidence of Enceladus’ internal ocean from gravity measurements based on the Doppler effect and the magnitude of the moon’s very slight wobble as it orbits Saturn. The data was consistent with the existence of a large global ocean inside the moon. The measurements suggested a large sea about 6 miles (10 kilometers) deep beneath the southern polar region, under an ice shell about 19 to 25 miles (30 to 40 kilometers) thick. Cassini flew by Enceladus for the last time in October 2015, but explorers will be poring over the data it sent home for years to come, planning for the day we return to delve deeper into its secrets. “As we...

This is a montage of New Horizons images of Jupiter and its volcanic moon Io, taken during the spacecraft’s Jupiter flyby . The image was released in Oct. 2007. (Image credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute) Jupiter's fifth moon, Io, is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Plumes of sulfur spew upward as high as 190 miles (300 kilometers). The surface of Io is splotched with lava lakes and floodplains of liquid rock. Astronomers have mapped about 150 volcanoes on the moon, some of which blast lava 250 miles (400 km) out into space. There are volcanoes all over Io's surface, and as scientists perform observations they still occasionally see new hotspots pop up. For example, NASA's Juno spacecraft, which is currently orbiting Jupiter, found a possible new hotspot on Io on Dec. 16, 2017. Io by the numbers Age: Io is about 4.5 billion years old, about the same age as Jupiter. Distan...

Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system, and is larger than the planet Mercury. If it were not orbiting as Jupiter’s largest moon, it could be considered a dwarf planet. Ganymede is the only moon in the solar system known to have a substantial magnetosphere. That implies there is something inside helping to generate a strong magnetic field. Like Europa, Ganymede is thought to have a subsurface ocean, overlying a liquid iron and nickel core. That core is what helps generate the magnetic field. The surface of Ganymede is icy and covered with two main types of landscape: young, lighter regions and darker, older and cratered terrain. The dark areas appear to contain clays and organic materials. Ganymede was likely formed in place around the infant Jupiter in the early solar system. Several smaller worlds likely accreted together to make this moon. Ganymede has a thin atmosphere that a...

It has been very interesting to explore new planets and stars, If we talk about Europa, It is so smaller than Earth. It's actually a Moon of Jupiter. there is no evidence that life exists on Europa, but Europa has emerged as one of the most likely locations in the Solar System for potential habitability. Life could exist in its under-ice ocean, perhaps in an environment similar to Earth's deep-ocean hydrothermal vents. The Chemical Elements of life might be under the surface of Europa, because The surface of Europa was destroyed by Jupiter's Radiation, But that radiation might have helped life to live under the surface of Europa. Europa's most of the surface is made of Ice and we have a strong evidence that there is a deep ocean under the surface of Europa. The scientists have said that there are strong possibilities of life on Europa.

Callisto has an exceptionally slim environment, is thought to contain a sea, and is in this way one more conceivable competitor for life past Earth. Notwithstanding, its separation from Jupiter implies it doesn't experience a particularly solid gravitational draw, so it's not as geographically dynamic as the other Galilean moons of Io and Europa. Albeit some have conjectured that life might be conceivable inside the air of Jupiter itself, more probable competitors are the four frigid Galilean moons around it. Every one of the four moons are amazingly cold, and all have slim environments. In any case, they are for the most part enticing possibilities for discovering life past Earth.

Since NASA's decision, Blue Origin has filed a protest, offered to cover up to $2 billion for the first two years of production of a moon lander, and posted an infographic on its website describing SpaceX's Starship as "immensely complex and high risk." So far, there's no sign that NASA will reverse its decision. Musk has continued to poke fun at Bezos for Blue Moon. After Blue Origin unveiled its lunar lander model in 2019, Musk tweeted: "Putting the word 'Blue' on a ball is questionable branding." Musk later posted a screenshot of a New York Times article on which he changed the name from "Blue Moon" to "Blue Balls."

In January 2015, SpaceX raised US$1 billion in funding from Google and Fidelity, in exchange for 8.33% of the company, establishing the company valuation at approximately US$12 billion. SpaceX is developing a satellite megaconstellation named Starlink to provide commercial internet service. In January 2020 the Starlink constellation became the largest satellite constellation in the world. SpaceX is also developing Starship, a privately funded, fully reusable, super heavy-lift launch system for interplanetary spaceflight. Starship is intended to become the primary SpaceX orbital vehicle once operational, supplanting the existing Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Dragon fleet. Starship will be fully reusable and will have the highest payload capacity of any orbital rocket ever on its debut, scheduled for the early 2020s.

The founding ethos of Elon Musk's private spaceflight company SpaceX was to make life multi-planetary. This is partly motivated by existential threats such as an asteroid strike big enough to wipe out humanity. Settling other planets would place some of the eggs in other baskets, sparing human civilisation if one of them were to experience a cataclysm. Realising this dream requires a vehicle that's up to the task. Starship is a rocket and spacecraft combination that could ferry more than 100 people a time to the Red Planet. The system is designed to be fully reusable, meaning the principal hardware elements are not discarded in the sea or allowed to burn up, as happens with some other launch systems, but are instead recovered from space. They can then be refurbished and flown again, reducing the cost of the whole enterprise.

The crew are scheduled to begin their expedition on 5 October 2021. While on the space station they could encounter some fellow film-makers: Tom Cruise and the director Doug Liman, who are also due to travel there in October to make a movie. The Space Shuttle Almanac tweeted Wednesday that previous reports that Cruise would lead the first movie filmed in outer space on the International Space Station (ISS) are coming to fruition. The 58-year-old actor will be joined by “The Bourne Identity” director Doug Liman next year as part of Elon Musk’s Axiom SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule. Together, they’ll head to the ISS and begin production on the first major movie ever shot in space. Although the movie doesn’t yet have a title or plot, it will mark Cruise’s most ambitious stunt in a decadeslong career of death-defying on-screen moves.

HOW MUCH DO ASTRONAUTS EARN? According to NASA, GS-11 astronauts average starting salary: $66,026 per year. GS-14 astronauts can earn up to $144,566 per year.  Currently a GS-11 starts at $66,026 per year and a GS-14 can earn up to $144,566 per year. Military Astronaut Candidates are detailed to the Johnson Space Center and remain in an active duty status for pay, benefits, leave, and other similar military matters.

WHAT DO ASTRONAUTS DO WHEN NOT IN SPACE ? Conduct Scientific Experiments Research on the ISS improves knowledge about the effects of long-term space exposure on the human body. Subjects currently under study include muscle atrophy, bone loss, and fluid shift. The data will be used to determine whether space colonization and lengthy human spaceflight are feasible. Maintain the Space Station There are two types of on-orbit maintenance: Preventive maintenance, which involves inspection, replacement and cleaning tasks that the astronauts train for prior to their mission. An international fleet of space vehicles launches ISS components; rotates crews; provides logistical support; and replenishes propellant, items for science experi- ments, and other necessary supplies and equipment. The Space Shuttle must be used to deliver most ISS modules and major components. Daily Exercise Astronauts on the station...

Has anyone been lost in space? Yes. There are 18 Astronauts who've lost in Space. Astronauts have also died while training for space missions, such as the Apollo 1 launch pad fire. The two worst disasters because of NASA’s space shuttle. On 28 January 1986 the Challenger space shuttle blew up 73 seconds after take-off, owing to a failure on a sealant ring that allowed hot gas from the boosters used to lift the craft in the first two minutes of flight to hit the huge main external tanks containing hydrogen-oxygen fuel. All seven crew members died, including Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from New Hampshire selected on a special NASA programme to bring civilians into space. In 2003 a further seven astronauts died when the shuttle Columbia broke up on re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere. A piece of foam insulation had ...

Does space have a smell? Yes. According to Eau de Space , It Smells like Raspberry and Rum. NASA astronaut Tony Antonelli says space smells “strong and unique” . but We can’t smell space directly, because our noses don’t work in a vacuum. The interior of the International Space Station smells a little more mundane. When astronauts return from space walks and remove their helmets, they are welcomed back with a peculiar smell. An odor that is distinct and weird: something, astronauts have described it, like "seared steak." And also: "hot metal." And also: "welding fumes."